Five popular gridded observation precipitation datasets: (1) Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards the Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), (2) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), (3) Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN), (4) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), (5) modified Global Historical Climatology Network version 2 (GHCN2) and one reanalysis dataset National Centers for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) are used to simulate runoff over the Dakbla River (a small tributary of the Mekong River) in Vietnam. To overcome such a limitation, this research study uses some of the available globally gridded high resolution precipitation datasets to simulate runoff. For some countries and remote areas, the rainfall data availability might be a constraint due to many different reasons such as lacking of technology, war time and financial limitation that lead to difficulty in constructing the runoff data. But over regions lacking robust station data, there is a problem of applying the model to study the hydrological responses. One common practice in calibrating the SWAT model is the application of station data rainfall to simulate runoff. Many research studies that focus on basin hydrology have used the SWAT model to simulate runoff. These results show that while quantitative real-time PCR can be used to determine levels of fecal indicator bacteria in surface waters, there are some limitations to its application and it may be impacted by sources of runoff based on surveyed samples.Ībstract. Additionally, the urban canal samples were significantly lower than those determined by conventional culture methods for the wet season. While mean log CFU/100 ml counts in the wet season using quantitative PCR were log 3 and 2, respectively. For the wet season, data determined by the membrane filtration method in river/suburban canals and urban canals samples had mean counts of log 3.7 and 4.1, respectively. coli counts in the dry season for river/suburban canals and urban canals were log 2.8 and 3.7, respectively, using a membrane filtration method, while using Taqman quantitative real-time PCR they were log 2.4 and 2.8 for river/suburban canals and urban canals, respectively.
Mean log colony-forming unit (CFU)/100 ml E. Quantification was done through membrane filtration and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Surface water samples in Vietnam were collected from the Saigon River, rural and suburban canals, and urban runoff canals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and were processed to enumerate Escherichia coli.